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| Length = 44:16 | Label = Factory | Producer = Martin Hannett | Last album = ''Unknown Pleasures'' (1979) | This album = ''Closer'' (1980) }} ''Closer'' is the second and final studio album by the English rock band Joy Division. It was released on 18 July 1980 on Factory Records, following the May 1980 suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis. The album was produced by Martin Hannett and contains a more layered and austere sound than its predecessor, ''Unknown Pleasures'', with synthesizers and studio effects now serving a prominent role. No singles were released from the album. After the posthumous release of Joy Division's only hit "Love Will Tear Us Apart" in June 1980, the remaining members re-formed as New Order. Today, ''Closer'' is widely recognised as a preeminent post-punk release. According to critic Ned Raggett, "Joy Division were at the height of their powers on ''Closer'' () rock, however defined, rarely seems and sounds so important, so vital, and so impossible to resist or ignore as here."〔 ==Writing and recording== Unlike the tracks on "Unknown Pleasures" which were written well before the album, had been played live many times and were fully formed before recording, the material for "Closer" was put together just before or during the band's time in the studio.〔Sumner, 128〕 Most songs were written by jamming in their practice room.〔Sumner, 78〕 Regarding the album's lyrical content, Sumner remarked, "We’d go to rehearsals and sit around and talk about really banal things. We’d do that until we couldn’t talk about banal things any more, then we’d pick up our instruments and record into a little cassette player. We didn’t talk about the music or the lyrics very much. We never analysed it."〔"(Most Important Albums Of NME's Lifetime - Joy Division, 'Closer' )". NME.com. Retrieved July 5, 2015〕 ''Closer'' was produced by Martin Hannett. His production has been highly praised, with Pitchfork describing it as "sepulchral".〔Klien, Joshua. "(Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures )". pitchfork.com. 29 October 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2015〕 However, as with their debut album ''Unknown Pleasures'', both Hook and Sumner were unhappy with Hannett's work. Hook later complained that the track "Atrocity Exhibition" was mixed on one of his days off, and when he heard the final product was disappointed that the abrasiveness of his guitar part had been laden with effects and toned down. He wrote; "I was like, head in hands, oh fucking hell, its happening again. Unknown Pleasures number two...Martin () had melted the guitar with his Marshall Time Waster. Made it sound like somebody strangling a cat, and to my mind, absolutely killed the song. I was so annoyed with him and went in and gave him a piece of my mind but he just turned around and told me to fuck off".〔Hook, 42〕 ''The Atrocity Exhibition'' by J.G. Ballard was an influence on the album, and the novel shares its title with the opening track. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Closer (Joy Division album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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